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لكن لا بد أن أوضح لك أن كل هذه الأفكار المغلوطة حول استنكار النشوة وتمجيد الألم يعرض هذا النص من اليمين إلى اليسار.

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  • The Indian Firm G. M. Mohamedally & Co in Ethiopia (1886- 1937)

    The Indian presence in Ethiopia has attracted little attention in Ethiopian historiography. Yet Indian businessmen were as instrumental to Ethiopia&rsquo;s early 20th century economy as they were in British East Africa at the same period. As part of a broader research project aimed at addressing this gap, this article explores the life and achievements of Mohamedally Shaikh Sharafaly, the best known of these Indian businessmen, who set up one of the largest commercial and industrial businesses in Ethiopia. The account follows the narrative of an un-published letter the merchant wrote in 1940 about his business trajectory. From his arrival in Harar in the late 19th century to the eventual expulsion of his company in 1937, his story is highly revealing of the political context in which large foreign businesses would emerge, involving both friendship with the Ethiopian emperors and diplomatic protection, in the case of Indians as British subjects......
  • LES HARLA : ARCHÉOLOGIE ET MÉMOIRE DES GÉANTS D’ÉTHIOPIE

    p r o p o s i t i o n d e s é q u e n c e h i s t o r i q u e p o u r l e s s i t e s d u č̣ä r č̣ä r Les « Harla » sont une population qui apparaît à partir du xiiie siècle dans quelques sources écrites anciennes d’Éthiopie ou relatives à l’Éthiopie, telles que le récit des guerres d’Amdä Ṣǝyon, souverain chrétien du xive siècle, ou le Futūḥ al-Ḥabaša (xvie siècle), récit du ğihād musulman lancé au début du xvie siècle par des musulmans d’Éthiopie contre le royaume chrétien2. Des populations actuelles d’Éthiopie s’appliquent à elles-mêmes ou se voient appliquer…
  • First Footsteps in the Archaeology of Harar, Ethiopia

    …..Investigating the origins of Harar archaeologically is one of the primary aims of the research project “Becoming Muslim: Conversion to Islam and Islamization in Eastern Ethiopia” funded by the European Research Council (ERC-AdG-2015 694254-BM) for which Timothy Insoll is Principal Investigator. This is a project exploring the contexts of conversion, i.e. why certain sub-Saharan African cities such as Harar were key points for conversion to Islam, and the processes of, and factors influencing conversion, which besides genuine belief include the impact of trade, Saints, Sufis and Holy men, proselytization, benefits gained from Arabic literacy and administration systems, enhanced power, prestige, warfare, and belonging to the larger Muslim community.
  • Archaeological Survey and Test Excavations, Harari Regional State, Ethiopia,

    A Preliminary Fieldwork Report In July-August 2014 surveys and test excavations were completed in Harari Regional State in eastern Ethiopia. The primary aim of the fieldwork was to begin to reconstruct a chronology and ceramics typology for the city of Harar and outlying settlements such as Ganda Harla and Koromi (cf. Insoll 2003: 78). A secondary aim was to start to assess the myths and legends linked with some settlements and populations in the region – be it Arab origins for the Argobba (cf. Asfaw 2000: 174-175), or great physical stature for the Harla (cf. Chekroun et al. 2011: 79; Joussaume 1976: 32)….
  • Council For An Autonomous Jewish Province in Harrar

    Correspondence Letteres between Jewish council, US, and Ethiopia ......My proposal is to unite the so-called HARRAR-territory of Ethiopia with part of British-Somaliland and create there a state for the European Jews.....
  • THE RELEVANCY OF HARARI VALUES IN SELF REGULATION AND AS A MECHANISM OF BEHAVIORAL CONTROL: HISTORICAL ASPECTS

    The subject under consideration in this dissertation is various values of a particular society who refer to themselves as gey usu (people of the city). To expound how they utilize values to regulate their members&rsquo; behaviors and the relations they have with other people four entities are identified: Family, educational, trade and social institutions. Family as the basic institution is discussed to expound how birth and marriage ceremonies are perceived by Hararis. How these events are surrounded by various symbols with the values enshrined in them, which are expressed through rituals, actions, words and gestures, are as well expounded. The mechanisms how these symbols are used to regulate individual and social behaviors are also discussed. Education as one of the vital instruments to develop the individuals and the society which should enjoy continuous sufficiency and prosperity is also discussed. How successful the society is in achieving these goals is dependent on the values the education system is promoting. Trade, which is much related with Harar and Hararis history, how it is used as a means of securing and maintaining peace through concessions to other people is discussed. This dissertation suggests the underlying ideas of peaceful trade are values such as righteousness, honesty, sincerity, diligence, trust, non-discrimination and fairness in the relations among traders. The Harari social institutions are used to control the behaviors of their members and the relations the community should have with other communities
  • HISTORY OF HARAR AND THE HARARIS

    ......This book presents the history of Harar and the Harari people, from ancient times to the 1990s aims to: o Offer a general overview of the origin of the Harari people; o Narrate the kaleidoscopic political history of Harari people and the City of Harar from early times up to the 1990&rsquo;s; o Explain the historical dynamics of Harar&rsquo;s sophisticated economy; o Analyse the time tested social organizations of the Harari people; o Discuss the rich cultural values of the Harari people, and o Elaborate the contribution of the Harari civilization to Ethiopia and its influence an Empire and City-State in eastern Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa.....
  • Production Scenarios of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia

    Mango production covers 35% of the total acreage allotted for fruit production in Harari Regional State, eastern Ethiopia. However, there is a declining trend in yield and quality of fruits from the trees. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the status, practices and challenges of mango production in the study area.
  • Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town ( UNESCO )

    The fortified historic town of Harar is located in the eastern part of Ethiopia, 525 km from the capital of Addis Ababa, on a plateau with deep gorges surrounded by deserts and savannah. The walls surrounding this sacred city, considered &ldquo;the fourth holy city&rdquo; of Islam, were built between the 13th and 16th centuries and served as a protective barrier. There were five historic gates, which corresponded to the main roads to the town and also served to divide the city into five neighbourhoods, but this division is not functional anymore. The Harar gate, from where the main streets lead to the centre, is of recent construction.....
  • Review Taxes, tax payers and collectors-pre and post Menelik: Harari experience

    Historically, Harar as a trade center linked the high land of Ethiopia with the rest of the world. While merchants were taking out from and bringing in products and services to Harar they were taxed by various institutions.
  • The Traditional Secular Music of the Harari: Its State in History and Present Day

    Abstract This article chiefly discusses the traditional secular music of the Harari community residing in the Harari People's National Regional State, one of the nine Ethiopian administrative regions (Kələloč). In doing so musical styles such as Saley, Ğaliyei and Dersi and their distinct features (melody, rhythm, and lyric) will be taken into closer consideration.
  • Names of Mussulmans venerated in Harar and its Surroundings

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  • Test Multi Image
    Author: Test Auth
    Date: 1999
  • ውሸትን ማገለጥ 1ቶጲያ በውሸትና ቅጥፈት የተሞሏ
    Author: ኑረዲን አብደላ
    Date:
    የቶጲያ ውሸት ዘጋቢ የሚከተለውን በአረብ ፈቂ መጸሃፍ ያልተጻፈን ሰነድ ተጻፈ ብሎ የውሸት ዘገባ ያስነባል …ይህም የሚከተለው በቶጲያ የቀረበ ነው[በአረብ ፈቂህ ዘገባ መሰረት የስልጤ አዲያ ሱልጣኔት አዲ ገራድ ሙሪየስ የምትባል ሴት ልጁን ለኢማም አህመድ ገራድ ኢብራሂም አልጋዚ ዳረላቸው ]ልብ በሉ ጸሃፊው በፍቱል አል ሐበሽ ገጹ አልጠቀሰም ፣የቶጲያ ጸሃፊ ነጃሺ ከዲር ሻሞ ምኞቱ ኢማም አህመድ ስልጤ ሚስት ነበረችው ፣ ከኢማም ጋር ተገብተናል ነው ፣ ሰነዱ እውነት ቢሆን እሰየው ነበር ። ነገር ግን በፍቱል ሐበሽ ፈጽሞ ስለ ስልጤ ኢማሙ ያገባት የሚል የለም የጸሃፊውን ቅጥፈት ለማጋለጥ መረጃውን የሚከተለውን በፍቱል አልሐበሽ ስለ ኢማም አህመድ ሚስቶችን ከነ ገጹ አቀርባለሁኝ ።ቅጽ 1 ገጽ 47 አንዳንድ የሰራዊት አባላት ኢማሙን ሚስታቸው ድልወንበራ ወደ ከሃዲያን አገር አብራን ትሂድ ዘንድ አንፈቅድም ይህ ከርሶ በፊት የነበሩት አሚሮች ያልፈጸሙት ድርጊትና ተግባር ነው ብለው ተጠየቁ ኢማሙም ሚስታቸው የቀረበውን ክስ እንዲመለሱ ሰራዊቱ ፊት ተጠየቁ ሚስታቸውም ድልወንበራ አልመለስም አለች ፣ ኢማሙም ሚስታቸውን ይዘው ወደ ኢፋት ተንቀሳቀሱቅጽ 1 ገጽ 57 በዚፋሕ 6 ቀናት ቆዩ የኢማሙ ባለቤት (ድልወንበራ) ዚፋህ ላይ ወንድ ልጅ ተገላገለች ስሙም መሐመድ ወጣለት ።ቅጽ 1 ገጽ 106 ኢማሙና ባለቤቱ (ድል ወንበራ )ወደፈለጉት አገር እንዲሄዱ …..ቅጽ 1 ገጽ 114 የልብነድንግል
  • THE INFLUENCE OF ARAB AND ASIAN TRADERS ON HARARI MUSIC AND CULTURAL IDENTITY
    Author: BINYAM HAILU ABEBE
    Date: December 6, 2023
    The objective of this study is investigating how and why the Harari peoples Music and cultural Identity isdifferent from the other parts of the Ethiopian people. This study has mainly focused on the forms and thescale and why this scale or music, forms and cultural identities are different from the other parts of Ethiopia.
  • Islam of Yesterday and of Today
    Author: Cerulli
    Date: 2013
    This historical book, entitled “L’ISLAM DI IERI E DI OGGI”, was actually translated into English in 1992. It is necessarily polyglot volume that needed a herculean effort to maintain its spirit. Though no professional translator is permitted to alter the gist of the original text, some isolated words, phrases or entire sections, had to be cut out due to social, religious sensitivity or transgression of faith. The entire last part of the book, as well, has been left out due to lack of coherence to our subject `matter. The original Italian title of this book itself “Islam of Yesterday and of Today”, is a misnomer per se. I dare say this because Islam, as a dogma and an absolute guide for man, was, is and will remain the same, unalterable. Therefore, the English title of this book has necessarily been found to be fitter. I am certain that this erudite Italian, Cerulli, would have given me a nudge and blessed this infringement. This highly illuminated scholar enjoys the gratitude of the Harari ethnic group of Ethiopia. Emran M. Waber
  • ሀረሪ ዊቂር ኪታብ ( Harari Poem Book)
    Author: Amir Ali Akil
    Date: 2013
    ዪ ኪታቡው ዚከተብኾ ሺኢሽቲ አሳሲያሐደፋችቤ መትኤሰስቤንታ፡፡አሐድታኝ ሐደፍዞ ሀረሪ ሉኃው መሌቃዋ መኔራንታ፡፡ ዪዞም አሐድጋርሌ ዳይቤ ቀጠጡ ነሳምቲ ዪልዛል ቀዲም ነሰባችዚኛ ባሎቱው ሐፍቲሞሻቤ፤አሐድ ሉኃ ዪነብራሌ የሚችዛል ቀድራዋ ደረጃዞው ዪለሕዲኩትሞሻቤ፤ ሀረሪ ሉኃው መሌቃዋ መኔራሌ ዪኹንዛል ሐረካቤ አኑም ጢቱምኻነጊር ገረቤዛጥ ቼኽሊ አትታጮቴው ሞሻሌ ጠብ ዛያንታ፡፡ ኮኦትታኝ ሐደፍዞ ሀረሪ ኩቱብ ሲነት አልታኑም ሀረሪ ሲና- ኩቱብደረጃዞው፣ ቀድራዞው ዋ ሒርፈቱው መሌቃንታ፡፡ ዪትታወቃዛልኩትቤሀረሪ ኡምመት ፊዝቤ ጉዶር ዘማን ዘትሔለቃ ኩቱብ ሲነት ሒርፈት ዛላኡምመቲንታ፡፡ ቀዲም ጌይ ዚክሪ ዊቅሪያች፤ ፈራኢድ ዋ መስኖይ ፈቀርኪታቡው ዚምሳሰሉ ቀዲም ኩቱባች ሀረሪ ሉኃው መሌቃሌ ዛሾ ኦርአትታጮትዋ ፋይዳ ኦርኩት ጊዲሪንታ፡፡ አስሊዞቤ አሐድ ሉኃ መሌቃሌዪፈርካዛል መስሳነን ሉኃ መኽናዞ ሙጥጢቤም አልታዋ መክተብሉኃነትቤ አክካዞቤ መትናፋእሌ ዚትፈረከሳንታ፡፡ ሀረሪ ሉኃው ኩሙልዚታ ኡጋቤ መሌቃሌ መስሳነንዋ መክተብ ሉኃው ፈንከሌ ፈንካ መሌቃየትኺሻል፡፡ መኽናዞቤም ሲና - ኩቱብ ሀረሪ ኡምመት ኩቱብ ሉኃሒርፈትዞው ዋ ደረጃዞው መሌቃሌ የትፊርኪዛሉ ከታራችቤ አሐድዞመኽነዞቤ ዪ ኪታብ ሀረሪ መክተብ ሲነቱው መሌቃሌዋ መዝጋጋሕ ቼኽሊአትታጮት ዪነብራሐል፡፡ሺኢሽታኝ ሐደፍዞ ሀረሪ ኡምመት ታሪኽዞ፣ አዳዞ፣ ሉኃዞ፣ ሲነትዞ ዋማንነትዞ ባሕ ዚትቃጠሩ አሳሲያ ሓጃች ሺርቲቤ አቅሊ መትጋዛቤ ሉኽ ሑሉፍሞሻንታ፡፡ ሀረሪ ሉኃ ኡምመትዞ ዚመሐድ ማንነትዋ ከራማው መትቴወቅቤ፣መቄራሕዋ መኔራቤ ላቂ ሲጅጃ ዛላ መኽናዞቤም ዲባያ ኡምመትዞ ያሻዛልዲነት ጌይ፣ ዳይ ሐዋዚያዋ ሲያሳ ኩሽኩሽቲቤ ዛላ አትታጮት ኦርኩትጊዲሪንታ፡፡ መኽናዞቤም ዪ ኪታብ ሀረሪ ሉኃ ኡምመትዞሌ መስጣ ዛልባዲነት ጌይ፣ ዳይ ሐዋዚያዋ ሲያሳ ኺድማዋ ፋይዳው መሌቃሌ ዪፈርኪኩትሞሻ ቻላቤ ኢስበልበላት ሒርቃኦታችቤ ዚትከተቡ ዊቂራችቤ የሐትፊዛሉ፣የቀንዛሉ፣ የትሊምዲዛሉ፣ የትቲውቂዛሉ፣ የትፋርሒዛሉ ሉኻቹው ሑሉፍሞሻሌ መጌበቲንታ፡፡አሚር አሊ አቂል The Book Is Available On Market
  • Futuh Al-Habaša: The Conquest of Abyssinia [16th Century] by Šihab ad-Din Ahmad bin Abd al-Qader bin Salem bin Utman, Paul Lester Stenhouse and Richard Pankhurst
    Author: Paul Lester and Richard Pankhrust
    Date:
    The rise in the early sixteenth century of the charismatic Adal leader ImamAhmed bin Ibrahim; his seizure of power at the old Islamic city of Harar: hiscampaigns against Somalis and other fellow Muslims in the neighbouringlowlands: his jihad, or Holy War, against what he considered the 'non-believers’ ofsouth-west Ethiopia, and his subsequent neardestruction of the age-old EthiopianChristian state - all this constituted a major turning-point in the history of Ethiopiaand the Horn of Africa.The wars of Ahmed bin Ibrahim - Ahmed Grafi. or the Left-handed, as he isoften called - had immense consequences. These included the conversion to Islam,albeit in many cases only temporary, of a vast proportion of the Ethiopianpopulation: the virtual collapse of the traditional Christian Ethiopian empire: thebreaking-down of long-established feudal relationships, and related taxation: heavyloss of life, by combatants and civilians alike: the capture, and despatch to Arabia(and also to India) of innumerable slaves: the destruction of some of the country'sfinest Christian churches, monasteries, and treasures: and the bringing to Harar.and export to Arabia, of considerable quantities of gold, used in part by the imamfor the purchase of fire-arms and other weapons.The warfare associated with the imam, which had an important internationaldimension, became increasingly enmeshed in the global conflict between theChristian Portuguese and the Muslim Ottoman Turks. This led to the arrival ofmany Arab fusiliers and canoneers on the Imam's side, and of their Portuguesecounterparts, led by Vasco da Gama's son Christovao.
  • Land ownership in Hararge Province
    Author: Sileshi Wolde-Tsadik
    Date: June, 1966
  • The Musings of a Harari on Harari things:A public conversation with Hararis
    Author: Abdullahi Sherif
    Date: August 2022
    I had the opportunity to watch the film, Faya Dayi, with my mother. It’s a movie situated in Harar,Ethiopia, attempting to present a unique glimpse into the life of a denizen of the Harari region. It’s amovie with subtitles.......... While most of the reviews for this film, that I’ve seen, have been positive, they’ve also all been writtenby non-Hararis. As the filmmaker, Jessica Beshir, sets out to tell a specific story, I, with all the hubris Ican muster, hope to offer the rare Harari perspective .
  • Dil Shahan ( ዲል ሸሀን )
    Author:
    Date: September 2007
    Oር መህጂጃች 2 , ሐድነት 4 ,ጅምጅምቲ ሞ ድምድምቲ 6 , ሩህኻድ Aለፉው 7, Uመት ሂልቂ 10 , Oር መህጂጃሌ ዚትሰጠ 13 ኮOት ኣዳው መትጋበት 15, ኣው Aባድር ሐረሪ ወለባይ 16 , ሐረሪ መሀድ ኮንግረስ ዲያስፖራቤ 18 _x000D_
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