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  • Fath ul Rahman

  • Reviewed Work(s): Afocha: A Link between Community and Administration in Harar, Ethiopia by Peter Koehn and Sidney R. Waldron-Maxwell

    Northeast African Studies, 4, 1 (1982): 65-67 REVIEW OF Peter Koehn and Sidney R. Waldron-Maxwell , Afooha : A Link between Community and Administration in Harar 3 Ethiopia. Syracuse, New York: School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University. Pp. 120, 6 maps. Mohamed Hassen School of Oriental and African Studies University of London Harar, the present provincial capital of Hararghe administrative region, used to be a unique center in North East Africa. Before the Addis Abeba- Djibouti railway road by-passed the city and made the old caravan route obsolete at the beginning of this century (thus undermining the mercantile economy of the city), Harar was a major commercial entrepot whose fame spread far and wide and led to prosperity for its citizens. Located 175 miles southwest of the port of Zeila and 219 miles from the port of Berbera, Harar was the center at which a number of major and minor caravan routes met. Along the caravan routes that linked ports of the northern Somali coast with Southern Ethiopia there were a number of commercial centers (settlements). Today there are no less than twenty-one ruined commercial settlements between Zeila and Harar. Some still dot the Ogaden region, while others are found in the region between Harar and Bale.

  • AFOČA

  • Anwar Masjeed

  • Ethnomedicinal plants used to treat human ailments in the prehistoric place of Harla and Dengego valleys, eastern Ethiopia

    Traditional medicines remained as the most affordable and easily accessible source of treatment inthe primary health care system among diverse communities in Ethiopia. The Oromo community living in theprehistoric Harla and Dengego valleys has long history of ethnomedicinal know-how and practice against humanand livestock ailments. However, this rich ethnomedicinal knowledge had been remained unexplored hitherto.This study focus on the comprehensive ethnomedicinal investigation in an attempt to safeguard the deterioratingethnomedicinal knowledge that can be used as a steppingstone for phytochemical and pharmacological analysis.

  • Assessment of Traditional Medicine Utilization in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia

    Traditional medicine (TM) has been part of man’s survival for long time. Harar is an ancient trade route and has a close proximity to the red sea. The use of TM is common and the majority of its habitants use TM. This study was conducted to assess why Harar households continued to prefer and depend on the utilization of TM as part of their healthcare system. Community based cross sectional study was conducted to select head of 423 households. Data was collected using face to face interview with a semi structured questionnaires and descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages were performed to examine the outcomes and associated factors. The result shown that 60.50% of the households preferred to use TM as their primary health care services and used TM for curative of ailments because TM had minimal side effects compared to modern medications. Socio demographic factors had no significant association to TM use; however, other associated factors had strong association with TM use. Personal experience such as minimal side effect of TM, attitudes towards TM use such as cost effectiveness, effective for specific diseases and quality service such as ready availability of TM had strong association to TM utilization. It was concluded that TM is still continued to play a significant role in healthcare of many households of Harar town because TM is dependable, affordable, safe and cost effective.

  • FUTUL Al Habash ...V2-2 (Amharic)

  • FUTUL Al Habash ...V2-1 (Amharic)

  • Malasay

    From Google Translator The Mäläsay must, at least according to the testimony of modern historians, have a have been a capable group. J. Doresse (1971: 205) counts the troops of the Gran and calls them: les Malasay, musulmans convertis de tout leur coeur à la défense de leur foi et conduits par l'Imam (Gran). A little later (Doresse 1971: 209) they stand next to one another irregular religious fighters (gazú) as "absolument des soldat musulmans – les Malasay" Around 1570 AD. it is then "chefs des malasay, troupes régulières musulmanes, fidèles à l'Ethiopia, "which the Emir of Harar has destroyed and with it an offensive on the part Särsä-Dengels (Doresse 1971: 231). R. Ferry (1962: 30) describes the mäläsay as one of the peoples in Gran's army, which of course is difficult to match with today's ethnic groups. to conclude: "gens analogues aux Somalis, mais plus intéressés à la guerre sainte." These Interpretations of the term mäläsay refer to its use in Arabic history about the first conquests of the Gran of 'Abdal-Qadir' Arabfaqih and its mention in two Ethiopian chronicles – in the so-called "Short Chronicle" and the Chronicle of the Särsä-Dengel – back. R. Basset (1897: 84 n.4) in his French adaptation of 'Arabfaqih tried an etymological interpretation. Starting from an Amharic Verb mälläsä with the special meaning "convert" or a Tigrinya verb mäläsä "to- return "one could perhaps explain the name; he suspects that it is "Converts," notes that the common word in Ge'ez for Muslims is tänbälat (cf. Dillmann, 1865: 562) is and refers to Portugal cited by Pereira (1887: 799 η. 17) Giesian reports from the 16th century, where this name is freely associated with the Amalekites is adorned. In his adaptation of the "Short Chronicle", in which the word mäläsay also appears in the report on the Gran Wars. , Basset (1883) abstained from any comment. F. Béguinot (1901: 18 η. 6) adopts Basset's conjecture in his Italian revision of the “Short Chronicle "and adds the note that the mäläsay….

  • THE MEDIEVAL MOSQUES OF NORA ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN ETHIOPIA*

    In April-May of 2008, a team led by François-Xavier Fauvelle and Bertrand Hirsch carried out excavations on the Muslim site of Nora (Fauvelle and Hirsch, 2008: 339-376). The author of the article was in charge of the excavation of the great mosque and the study of the others mosques on the site. Apart from Aksum, Nora was the first town ever excavated extensively in Ethiopia. Located 20km to the north-east of the current town of Shewa Robit (in the Shewa Region) near to the village of Wässiso, the Nora site is located midway between the high plateau and the flood plain of the River Awash at an depth of approximately 1300m (Fig. 1). The site was discovered in January 2007 during some surveys to recognize the evidence of hitherto medieval settlements only known in primary sources (Fauvelle and Hirsch, 2011). It was a ruined town which extended over several hectares (Fig. 2). The elevation of many of the walls, particularly those of the Great Mosque, has been preserved. The town also provides evidence of street networks and access routes, town walls, necropolis compounds and possibly hydraulic facilities……

  • Scribal Practices in Arabic Manuscripts from Ethiopia: The ʿAjamization of Scribal Practices in Fuṣḥā and ʿAjamī Manuscripts from Hara

    This paper focuses on Arabic scribal practices in a corpus of Ethiopian Islamic manuscripts from the region of Harar ascribed to the period from the eighteenth to the early nineteenth century. Two different aspects will be considered, namely the characteristic realization of specific graphemes and the methods for the justification of the text. The observations take into account the perceived sacred dimension of the texts, from copies of the Qurʾān to ʿAjamī works, and the different level of standardization of their written manifestations. This approach is intended to highlight the results of the cultural interplay between the scribal models acquired and their local reinterpretation in order to identify reference models and determine the criteria at the base of the processes of ʿAjamization of these scribal practices. I hope that the characteristics described in this article will represent the starting point for comparative studies of scribal practices between different Ethiopian regions and with other regions of the Islamic world....

  • FUTUL Al Habash ...V1-2 (Amharic)

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  • Test Multi Image
  • Written Sources of Non-Western Transfers of Material Culture in 19th Century Ethiopia - East Asian Business and Craftsmanship
  • When a quest for modernization meets French imperialist aspiration: The circumstances surrounding the establishment of the St. Anthony Leprosarium and the Ras Mäkʷännәn en Hospital in Harar (1901-1906)
  • Menelik Demolished A mosque and turned it into an Orthodox Church
  • ውሸትን ማገለጥ 1ቶጲያ በውሸትና ቅጥፈት የተሞሏ
    የቶጲያ ውሸት ዘጋቢ የሚከተለውን በአረብ ፈቂ መጸሃፍ ያልተጻፈን ሰነድ ተጻፈ ብሎ የውሸት ዘገባ ያስነባል …ይህም የሚከተለው በቶጲያ የቀረበ ነው[በአረብ ፈቂህ ዘገባ መሰረት የስልጤ አዲያ ሱልጣኔት አዲ ገራድ ሙሪየስ የምትባል ሴት ልጁን ለኢማም አህመድ ገራድ ኢብራሂም አልጋዚ ዳረላቸው ]ልብ በሉ ጸሃፊው በፍቱል አል ሐበሽ ገጹ አልጠቀሰም ፣የቶጲያ ጸሃፊ ነጃሺ ከዲር ሻሞ ምኞቱ ኢማም አህመድ ስልጤ ሚስት ነበረችው ፣ ከኢማም ጋር ተገብተናል ነው ፣ ሰነዱ እውነት ቢሆን እሰየው ነበር ። ነገር ግን በፍቱል ሐበሽ ፈጽሞ ስለ ስልጤ ኢማሙ ያገባት የሚል የለም የጸሃፊውን ቅጥፈት ለማጋለጥ መረጃውን የሚከተለውን በፍቱል አልሐበሽ ስለ ኢማም አህመድ ሚስቶችን ከነ ገጹ አቀርባለሁኝ ።ቅጽ 1 ገጽ 47 አንዳንድ የሰራዊት አባላት ኢማሙን ሚስታቸው ድልወንበራ ወደ ከሃዲያን አገር አብራን ትሂድ ዘንድ አንፈቅድም ይህ ከርሶ በፊት የነበሩት አሚሮች ያልፈጸሙት ድርጊትና ተግባር ነው ብለው ተጠየቁ ኢማሙም ሚስታቸው የቀረበውን ክስ እንዲመለሱ ሰራዊቱ ፊት ተጠየቁ ሚስታቸውም ድልወንበራ አልመለስም አለች ፣ ኢማሙም ሚስታቸውን ይዘው ወደ ኢፋት ተንቀሳቀሱቅጽ 1 ገጽ 57 በዚፋሕ 6 ቀናት ቆዩ የኢማሙ ባለቤት (ድልወንበራ) ዚፋህ ላይ ወንድ ልጅ ተገላገለች ስሙም መሐመድ ወጣለት ።ቅጽ 1 ገጽ 106 ኢማሙና ባለቤቱ (ድል ወንበራ )ወደፈለጉት አገር እንዲሄዱ …..ቅጽ 1 ገጽ 114 የልብነድንግል
  • THE INFLUENCE OF ARAB AND ASIAN TRADERS ON HARARI MUSIC AND CULTURAL IDENTITY
    The objective of this study is investigating how and why the Harari peoples Music and cultural Identity isdifferent from the other parts of the Ethiopian people. This study has mainly focused on the forms and thescale and why this scale or music, forms and cultural identities are different from the other parts of Ethiopia.
  • Islam of Yesterday and of Today
    This historical book, entitled “L’ISLAM DI IERI E DI OGGI”, was actually translated into English in 1992. It is necessarily polyglot volume that needed a herculean effort to maintain its spirit. Though no professional translator is permitted to alter the gist of the original text, some isolated words, phrases or entire sections, had to be cut out due to social, religious sensitivity or transgression of faith. The entire last part of the book, as well, has been left out due to lack of coherence to our subject `matter. The original Italian title of this book itself “Islam of Yesterday and of Today”, is a misnomer per se. I dare say this because Islam, as a dogma and an absolute guide for man, was, is and will remain the same, unalterable. Therefore, the English title of this book has necessarily been found to be fitter. I am certain that this erudite Italian, Cerulli, would have given me a nudge and blessed this infringement. This highly illuminated scholar enjoys the gratitude of the Harari ethnic group of Ethiopia. Emran M. Waber
  • ሀረሪ ዊቂር ኪታብ ( Harari Poem Book)
    ዪ ኪታቡው ዚከተብኾ ሺኢሽቲ አሳሲያሐደፋችቤ መትኤሰስቤንታ፡፡አሐድታኝ ሐደፍዞ ሀረሪ ሉኃው መሌቃዋ መኔራንታ፡፡ ዪዞም አሐድጋርሌ ዳይቤ ቀጠጡ ነሳምቲ ዪልዛል ቀዲም ነሰባችዚኛ ባሎቱው ሐፍቲሞሻቤ፤አሐድ ሉኃ ዪነብራሌ የሚችዛል ቀድራዋ ደረጃዞው ዪለሕዲኩትሞሻቤ፤ ሀረሪ ሉኃው መሌቃዋ መኔራሌ ዪኹንዛል ሐረካቤ አኑም ጢቱምኻነጊር ገረቤዛጥ ቼኽሊ አትታጮቴው ሞሻሌ ጠብ ዛያንታ፡፡ ኮኦትታኝ ሐደፍዞ ሀረሪ ኩቱብ ሲነት አልታኑም ሀረሪ ሲና- ኩቱብደረጃዞው፣ ቀድራዞው ዋ ሒርፈቱው መሌቃንታ፡፡ ዪትታወቃዛልኩትቤሀረሪ ኡምመት ፊዝቤ ጉዶር ዘማን ዘትሔለቃ ኩቱብ ሲነት ሒርፈት ዛላኡምመቲንታ፡፡ ቀዲም ጌይ ዚክሪ ዊቅሪያች፤ ፈራኢድ ዋ መስኖይ ፈቀርኪታቡው ዚምሳሰሉ ቀዲም ኩቱባች ሀረሪ ሉኃው መሌቃሌ ዛሾ ኦርአትታጮትዋ ፋይዳ ኦርኩት ጊዲሪንታ፡፡ አስሊዞቤ አሐድ ሉኃ መሌቃሌዪፈርካዛል መስሳነን ሉኃ መኽናዞ ሙጥጢቤም አልታዋ መክተብሉኃነትቤ አክካዞቤ መትናፋእሌ ዚትፈረከሳንታ፡፡ ሀረሪ ሉኃው ኩሙልዚታ ኡጋቤ መሌቃሌ መስሳነንዋ መክተብ ሉኃው ፈንከሌ ፈንካ መሌቃየትኺሻል፡፡ መኽናዞቤም ሲና - ኩቱብ ሀረሪ ኡምመት ኩቱብ ሉኃሒርፈትዞው ዋ ደረጃዞው መሌቃሌ የትፊርኪዛሉ ከታራችቤ አሐድዞመኽነዞቤ ዪ ኪታብ ሀረሪ መክተብ ሲነቱው መሌቃሌዋ መዝጋጋሕ ቼኽሊአትታጮት ዪነብራሐል፡፡ሺኢሽታኝ ሐደፍዞ ሀረሪ ኡምመት ታሪኽዞ፣ አዳዞ፣ ሉኃዞ፣ ሲነትዞ ዋማንነትዞ ባሕ ዚትቃጠሩ አሳሲያ ሓጃች ሺርቲቤ አቅሊ መትጋዛቤ ሉኽ ሑሉፍሞሻንታ፡፡ ሀረሪ ሉኃ ኡምመትዞ ዚመሐድ ማንነትዋ ከራማው መትቴወቅቤ፣መቄራሕዋ መኔራቤ ላቂ ሲጅጃ ዛላ መኽናዞቤም ዲባያ ኡምመትዞ ያሻዛልዲነት ጌይ፣ ዳይ ሐዋዚያዋ ሲያሳ ኩሽኩሽቲቤ ዛላ አትታጮት ኦርኩትጊዲሪንታ፡፡ መኽናዞቤም ዪ ኪታብ ሀረሪ ሉኃ ኡምመትዞሌ መስጣ ዛልባዲነት ጌይ፣ ዳይ ሐዋዚያዋ ሲያሳ ኺድማዋ ፋይዳው መሌቃሌ ዪፈርኪኩትሞሻ ቻላቤ ኢስበልበላት ሒርቃኦታችቤ ዚትከተቡ ዊቂራችቤ የሐትፊዛሉ፣የቀንዛሉ፣ የትሊምዲዛሉ፣ የትቲውቂዛሉ፣ የትፋርሒዛሉ ሉኻቹው ሑሉፍሞሻሌ መጌበቲንታ፡፡አሚር አሊ አቂል The Book Is Available On Market
  • Futuh Al-Habaša: The Conquest of Abyssinia [16th Century] by Šihab ad-Din Ahmad bin Abd al-Qader bin Salem bin Utman, Paul Lester Stenhouse and Richard Pankhurst
    The rise in the early sixteenth century of the charismatic Adal leader ImamAhmed bin Ibrahim; his seizure of power at the old Islamic city of Harar: hiscampaigns against Somalis and other fellow Muslims in the neighbouringlowlands: his jihad, or Holy War, against what he considered the 'non-believers’ ofsouth-west Ethiopia, and his subsequent neardestruction of the age-old EthiopianChristian state - all this constituted a major turning-point in the history of Ethiopiaand the Horn of Africa.The wars of Ahmed bin Ibrahim - Ahmed Grafi. or the Left-handed, as he isoften called - had immense consequences. These included the conversion to Islam,albeit in many cases only temporary, of a vast proportion of the Ethiopianpopulation: the virtual collapse of the traditional Christian Ethiopian empire: thebreaking-down of long-established feudal relationships, and related taxation: heavyloss of life, by combatants and civilians alike: the capture, and despatch to Arabia(and also to India) of innumerable slaves: the destruction of some of the country'sfinest Christian churches, monasteries, and treasures: and the bringing to Harar.and export to Arabia, of considerable quantities of gold, used in part by the imamfor the purchase of fire-arms and other weapons.The warfare associated with the imam, which had an important internationaldimension, became increasingly enmeshed in the global conflict between theChristian Portuguese and the Muslim Ottoman Turks. This led to the arrival ofmany Arab fusiliers and canoneers on the Imam's side, and of their Portuguesecounterparts, led by Vasco da Gama's son Christovao.
  • Land ownership in Hararge Province
  • The Musings of a Harari on Harari things:A public conversation with Hararis
    I had the opportunity to watch the film, Faya Dayi, with my mother. It’s a movie situated in Harar,Ethiopia, attempting to present a unique glimpse into the life of a denizen of the Harari region. It’s amovie with subtitles.......... While most of the reviews for this film, that I’ve seen, have been positive, they’ve also all been writtenby non-Hararis. As the filmmaker, Jessica Beshir, sets out to tell a specific story, I, with all the hubris Ican muster, hope to offer the rare Harari perspective .
  • Dil Shahan ( ዲል ሸሀን )
    Oር መህጂጃች 2 , ሐድነት 4 ,ጅምጅምቲ ሞ ድምድምቲ 6 , ሩህኻድ Aለፉው 7, Uመት ሂልቂ 10 , Oር መህጂጃሌ ዚትሰጠ 13 ኮOት ኣዳው መትጋበት 15, ኣው Aባድር ሐረሪ ወለባይ 16 , ሐረሪ መሀድ ኮንግረስ ዲያስፖራቤ 18 _x000D_
  • Khat culture and economic wellbeing: Comparison of a chewer and non-chewer families in Harar city
    This study contributes to the debate on khat by comparing the family wellbeing of khat chewer (consumer) and non-chewer families in Harar city, by using the International Wealth Index’s (IWI) characterization of wellbeing. The study utilized the survey method. Respondents were identified using a cluster sampling method. The data was gathered using an interview schedule, in-depth interviews, and non-participant observation...
  • Extract From Documents of Foreign Diplomacy
    Extract : from several Volumes Contributor ; Abdulahi Sherif Note : Pleae read " Barar " as" Harar " , " Majour Bunter " As " Majour Hunter " ( electronic tranlation error)
  • Images Of Harari Object Collections In A Russian Museum
    Collector : Nikolai Gumilyov Museum : Kunstekamera , Russia
  • Ten forts in Addis and six in Hararge: of advanced military might, on the emplacement of Barara, capital
    It is now ten years since ‘space archaeology’, or remote sensing applied to heritage management has been introduced to Ethiopia2 . Sites I briefly present here constitute the most spectacular discoveries of the period, have created international interest and have part contributed to the onset of research by the British team of Professor Insoll. He excavated scientifically, for the first time sites in Harar and Hararge.....
  • Harar Jugol, Preserving the cultural identity of a UNESCO World Heritage site
    Harar Jugol, Ethiopia, through an investigation of the architectural heritage as an expression of the traditional values and norms of the Harari urban culture. Master Thesis; University of Strathclyde
  • An Analysis of the events that led to the Hannolatto movement and the Culub insurection
  • Nell' Harrar
  • In memory of Ahmed Abdo Amin
    Ahmed Abdosh was a man of many talents and hobbies and always remembered for his elite work ethic that includes drawings, photography, philanthropy, gardening, Ayat and Quran inscriptions. His drawings focus on culture and nature reflecting on the Harari society and the untold pain the community endured under the imperial rulers. Ahmed made his best mark when he took up to inscribe a copy of the Quran....
  • The Sultanates of Medieval Ethiopia
    Given its geographical situation across the Red Sea from the Arabian Peninsula and the Gulf of Aden, it is perhaps not surprising that the Horn of Africa was exposed to an early and continuous presence of Islam during the Middle Ages. Indeed, it has long been known that Muslim communities and Islamic sultanates flourished in Ethiopia and bordering lands during the medieval centuries. However, despite a sizeable amount of Ethiopian Christian documents (in Gǝʿǝz) relating to their Muslim neighbors and valuable Arabic literary sources produced outside Ethiopia and, in some cases, emanating from Ethiopian communities themselves, the Islamic presence in Ethiopia difficult to apprehend. It is so because it has not attracted the same amount of scholarly investment as Ethiopian Christianity, so much so that epigraphic and archeological evidence have long remained scanty and only recently started to produce a significant corpus of material evidence, which now allows to revisit the history of Islamic penetration in Ethiopia and of Muslim-Christian relationships through centuries.
  • Ethiopians Speak-Harari
  • KItab Mawleed ( Sherefel Alameen)
  • Le sultanat de l’Awfāt, sa capitale et la nécropole des Walasma
    his article recounts fifteen years of archaeological and historical research on the Islamic Sultanates of Medieval Ethiopia. After intense surveys in different areas from Eastern Ethiopia to present-day Somaliland that revealed the ruins of Islamic cities, the research focused on the Ifāt region in Central Ethiopia. Several urban sites were spotted there and one of them, Nora, was investigated, showing vestiges (houses, mosques, cemetery) dating back to the 14th and 15th centuries. Finally, a major discovery, that of a necropolis composed of epigraphic tombs of members of the Walasmaʿ dynasty, whose texts are published here, made it possible to locate the 14th century capital of the Ifāt Sultanate. The spatial organization of this site, Awfāt, closely matches the description made by the Arab writer Abū al-Fidā’ in the early 14th century
  • Fath ul Rahman